<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2024-8-2-17-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SNXQGS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка аллергенного потенциала древесной урбанофлоры города Ростова-на-Дону</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Urban Woody Flora of Rostov-on-Don</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-5561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середа</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sereda</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Михайлович Середа, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой ботаники и биоресурсов факультета биоинженерии и ветеринарной медицины</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56497714100" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56497714100</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Sereda, Cand.Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of the Botany and Bioresources Department, Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine Faculty</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56497714100" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56497714100</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seredam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Середа М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Середа М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sereda M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/362">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/362</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Пыльца растений вызывает у человека разнообразные аллергические реакции, в том числе респираторные заболевания, нарушения иммунной системы, бронхит, конъюнктивит, дерматит, сенную лихорадку. Ими страдает до 30 % населения мира. В крупных городах мощными источниками аллергенной пыльцы являются деревья и кустарники, используемые в зеленом строительстве. Тем не менее, озеленение большинства городов в мире проводится без учета аллергенности применяемых культур. С развитием протеомики появилась возможность детально оценить степень аллергенности различных белков, входящих в состав пыльцы. На этих сведениях сформированы шкалы потенциальной аллергенности древесных растений. Целью данного исследования явилась оценка аллергенного потенциала древесных растений урбанофлоры города Ростова-на-Дону. Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования послужили деревья и кустарники, используемые в озеленении донской столицы. Анализ флористических данных основан на материалах, полученных в ходе полевых работ в 2023 году на территории города. Также автором использовались списки дедрофлоры города, составленные в период с 2007 по 2022 год. Оценка потенциальной аллергенности видов древесных растений проводилась по пятибалльной шкале, где 0 — растения, не представляющие аллергенной опасности; 1 — низкий класс аллергенности; 2 — средний класс; 3 — высокий класс; 4 — очень высокий класс аллергенности. Результаты исследования. В составе флоры древесных растений Ростова-на-Дону выявлен 61 вид растений, представляющих разные уровни аллергенной опасности для здоровья человека. Доля исследуемых видов составляет 30 % от общего числа древесной урбанофлоры города. Самыми мощными источниками аллергенной пыльцы являются девять видов (Fraxinus Excelsior, Betula Pendula, B. Verrucosa, Platycladus Orientalis и др.), они представляют наибольшую угрозу возникновения поллинозов и других аллергических реакций. Как правило, это ветроопыляемые растения, продуцирующие максимальное количество пыльцы. Среди потенциально аллергенных видов отмечается значительное количество адвентивных видов (24 вида), что затрудняет контроль над их распространением. Проведен таксономический анализ потенциально аллергенных видов растений на уровне порядков, для которых выявлены специфические реакции белков и разработаны детальные подходы к профилактике и лечению поллинозов. Порядки Pinales и Fagales формируют основную массу аллергенной пыльцы в зимне-весенний период. Обсуждение и заключение. Исследования аллергенной активности древесной урбанофлоры на юге России проведены впервые. Оценка ее аллергенного потенциала позволила определить степень угрозы возникновения аллергических реакций у людей. Наибольшую опасность представляют одновременно аллергенные и инвазионные виды, способные к активному распространению и увеличению своей численности. Мощными источниками аллергенной пыльцы оказались представители порядков Pinales и Fagales. Они же, как правило, обладают высокими декоративными качествами и играют ведущую роль в дизайнерских проектах. В ряде случаев эти культуры можно замещать менее аллергенными, например, представителями порядка Rosales.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Plant pollen causes various allergic reactions in humans, including respiratory diseases, immune system disorders, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, and hay fever. These diseases affect up to 30% of the world's population. In large cities, trees and shrubs used in landscaping are significant sources of allergenic dust. Despite this, the greening of cities worldwide often occurs without considering the allergenic properties of plants. With the development of proteomics, it has become possible to assess the degree of allergenicity of proteins that make up plant pollen in detail. Based on this information, a scale of potential allergenicity for woody plants has been developed. The aim of this study is to assess the allergenic potential of woody plants in the urban flora of Rostov-on-Don.Materials and Methods. The object of the study was trees and shrubs used in the landscaping of Rostov-on-Don. The analysis of floristic data was based on the materials obtained during field work in 2023 on the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The author also used the lists of the city's dendroflora compiled between 2007 and 2022. The assessment of the potential allergenicity of woody plant species was conducted on a five-point scale, with 0 indicating plants that did not pose an allergic hazard, 1 indicating a low allergenicity level, 2 indicating a medium class, 3 indicating a high level, and 4 indicating a very high level of allergenicity.Results. In the flora of woody plants in Rostov-on-Don, 61 species of potentially allergenic plants were identified, posing varying levels of danger to human health. The share of all types of potentially allergenic woody plants was 30% of the total number of urban woody flora species in the city. The most powerful sources of allergenic pollen included nine species (Fraxinus Excelsior, Betula Pendula, B. Verrucosa, Platycladus Orientalis, etc.), which posed the greatest threat of hay fever and other allergic reactions. As a rule, these were typically wind-pollinated plants that produced maximum amounts of pollen. The list of potentially allergenic species included a significant number of adventitious species (24 species), which made it difficult to control their spread. A taxonomic analysis of potentially allergenic species was carried out at the order level, for which specific protein reactions were identified and detailed approaches to the prevention and treatment of hay fever were developed. The orders Pinales and Fagales form the bulk of allergenic pollen in the winter-spring period.Discussion and Conclusion. For the first time, studies were conducted on the allergenic activity of urban woody flora in the southern regions of Russia. An assessment of their allergenic potential allowed us to determine the level of threat of allergic reactions in humans. The greatest danger comes from both allergenic and invasive species that can spread actively and increase in numbers. Representatives of the Pinales and Fagales orders have proven to be significant sources of allergenic pollen, as they often have high ornamental qualities and play a prominent role in design projects. In some cases, it may be possible to replace these cultures with less allergenic alternatives, such as representatives of the Rosales order, to reduce the risk of allergic reactions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пыльца древесных растений</kwd><kwd>аллергия на пыльцу растений</kwd><kwd>урбанофлора</kwd><kwd>флора города Ростова-на-Дону</kwd><kwd>адвентивные виды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pollen of woody plants</kwd><kwd>allergies to pollen</kwd><kwd>urban flora</kwd><kwd>flora of Rostov-on-Don</kwd><kwd>adventive species</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит редакционную команду журнала и рецензента за компетентную экспертизу и ценные рекомендации по улучшению содержания статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author would like to thank the Editorial board of the journal and the reviewer for their competent expertise and valuable recommendations that improved the quality of the article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leth-Møller KB, Skaaby T, Linneberg A. Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Sensitisation are Still Increasing among Danish Adults. Allergy. 2020;75(3):660–668. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leth-Møller KB, Skaaby T, Linneberg A. Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Sensitisation are Still Increasing among Danish Adults. Allergy. 2020;75(3):660–668. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуртдинова Г.М., Галимова Е.С., Хамидуллина С.Г., Муслимова В.К., Гареева А.И., Галимов Д.О. Аллергический ринит, вызванный пыльцой растений, у подростков. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2022;71(4):22–27. https://doi.org/10.53529/2500-1175-2022-4-22-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurtdinova GM, Galimova ES, Khamidullina SG, Muslimova VK, Gareeva AI, Galimov DO. Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Plant Pollen in Adolescents. Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics. 2022;71(4):22–27. https://doi.org/10.53529/2500-1175-2022-4-22-27 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мачарадзе Д.Ш. Некоторые особенности распространенности респираторной аллергии на юге России. Российский аллергологический журнал. 2019;16(1):23–28. URL: https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/viewFile/17/7 (дата обращения: 25.02.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macharadze DSh. Some Features of the Prevalence of Respiratory Allergy in Southern Russia. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2019;16(1):23–28. https://rusalljournal.ru/raj/article/viewFile/17/7 (accessed: 25.02.2024). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nestorovic M, Jovanovic M, Sovljanski G, Bajic-Bibic L, Jokic J. Guidebook for Allergenic Plants. Belgrade: Museum of Natural History; 2011. pp. 22–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nestorovic M, Jovanovic M, Sovljanski G, Bajic-Bibic L, Jokic J. Guidebook for Allergenic Plants. Belgrade: Museum of Natural History; 2011. pp. 22–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cariñanos P, Casares-Porcel M, Quesada-Rubio J-M. Estimating the Allergenic Potential of Urban Green Spaces: a Case-Study in Granada, Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2014;123:134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cariñanos P, Casares-Porcel M, Quesada-Rubio J-M. Estimating the Allergenic Potential of Urban Green Spaces: a Case-Study in Granada, Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2014;123:134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова С.В. Весенняя аллергия в аспекте практической оториноларингологии. Русский медицинский журнал. 2015;23(6):322–325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova SV. Spring Allergy in the Aspect of Practical Otorhinolaryngology. Russian Medical Journal. 2015;23(6):322–325. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хаитов Р.М. (ред.), Ильина Н.И. (ред). Аллергология и иммунология: национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009. 656 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaitov RM, Il'ina NI (eds.). Allergology and Immunology: National Guidelines. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 656 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cariñanos P, Adinolfi C., Diaz de la Guardia C, De Linares C, Casares-Porcel M, Characterization of Allergen Emission Sources in Urban Areas. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2016;45(1):244–252. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.02.0075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cariñanos P, Adinolfi C., Diaz de la Guardia C, De Linares C, Casares-Porcel M, Characterization of Allergen Emission Sources in Urban Areas. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2016;45(1):244–252. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.02.0075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mrđan S, Ljubojević M, Orlović S, Čukanović J, Dulić J. Poisonous and Allergenic Plant Species in Preschool’s and Primary School’s Yards in the City of Novi Sad. Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening. 2017;25:112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mrđan S, Ljubojević M, Orlović S, Čukanović J, Dulić J. Poisonous and Allergenic Plant Species in Preschool’s and Primary School’s Yards in the City of Novi Sad. Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening. 2017;25:112–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buters JTM, Antunes C, Galveias A, Bergmann C, Thibaudon M, Galan C, et al. Pollen and Spore Monitoring in the World. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2018;8(9):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-018-0197-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buters JTM, Antunes C, Galveias A, Bergmann C, Thibaudon M, Galan C, et al. Pollen and Spore Monitoring in the World. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2018;8(9):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-018-0197-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogren TL. Allergy-Free Gardening. The Revolutionary Guide to Healthy Landscaping. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press; 2000. 267 p. https://doi.org/10.5070/G311310411</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogren TL. Allergy-Free Gardening. The Revolutionary Guide to Healthy Landscaping. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press; 2000. 267 p. https://doi.org/10.5070/G311310411</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hruska K. Assessment of Urban Allegophytes Using an Allergen Index. Aerobiologia. 2003;19(2):107–111. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024450601697</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hruska K. Assessment of Urban Allegophytes Using an Allergen Index. Aerobiologia. 2003;19(2):107–111. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024450601697</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortolani C. Allergenicità Delle Piante Arboree e Arbustive Destinate al Verde Urbano Italiano. Revisione Sistematica e Raccomandazioni basate sull’evidenza. European Journal Aerobiology and Environmental Medicine. 2015;1:4–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortolani C. Allergenicità Delle Piante Arboree e Arbustive Destinate al Verde Urbano Italiano. Revisione Sistematica e Raccomandazioni basate sull’evidenza. European Journal Aerobiology and Environmental Medicine. 2015;1:4–123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cariñanos P, Marinangeli F. An Updated Proposal of the Potential Allergenicity of 150 Ornamental Trees and Shrubs in Mediterranean Cities. Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening. 2021;63:127218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cariñanos P, Marinangeli F. An Updated Proposal of the Potential Allergenicity of 150 Ornamental Trees and Shrubs in Mediterranean Cities. Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening. 2021;63:127218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127218</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree Pollen Allergens – an Update from a Molecular Perspective. Allergy. 2015;70:1201–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12696</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree Pollen Allergens – an Update from a Molecular Perspective. Allergy. 2015;70:1201–1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12696</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Огородникова Т.К., Похилько Л.О., Федоринова О.И. Принципы формирования ассортимента древесных растений для озеленения г. Ростова-на-Дону. В: Труды IV научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Экологические проблемы. Взгляд в будущее», посвященной 70-летию со дня рождения профессора Ю.П. Хрусталева. Ростов-на-Дону: Южный федеральный университет; 2007. С. 257–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogorodnikova TK, Pokhil'ko LO, Fedorinova OI. Principles of Selecting a Variety of Woody Plants for Landscape Design in Rostov-on-Don. In: Proceedings of the IV scientific and practical conference with international participation “Environmental problems. A look into the future” dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Professor Y.P. Khrustalev. Rostov-on-Don: Southern Federal University; 2007. P. 257–260. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козловский Б.Л., Куропятников М.В., Федоринова О.И. Эколого-биологическая характеристика древесных растений урбанофлоры Ростова-на-Дону. Известия Иркутского государственного университета. 2011;4(2):38–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlovsky BL, Kuropyatnikov MV, Fedorinova OI. Ecological and Biological Characteristics of Wood Plants in Urban Flora of Rostov-on-Don. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. 2011;4(2):38–43. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березина В.В., Козловский Б.Л., Куропятников М.В. Особенности ассортимента и архитектурно-планировочной композиции скверов Ростова-на-Дону. Живые и биокосные системы. 2022;42. https://doi.org/10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezina VV, Kozlovskij BL, Kuropyatnikov MV. Features of the Assortment and Architectural and Planning Composition of Public Gardens in Rostov-on-Don. Live and Bio-Abiotic Systems. 2022;42. https://doi.org/10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-1 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова Ю.К., Майоров С.Р., Хорун Л.В. Черная книга флоры Средней России: чужеродные виды растений в экосистемах Средней России. Москва: ГЕОС; 2010. 512 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova YuK, Maiorov SR, Khorun LV. The Black Book of the Flora of Central Russia: Alien Plant Species in the Ecosystems of Central Russia. Moscow: GEOS; 2010. 512 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панов В.Д., Лурье П.М., Ларионов Ю.А. Климат Ростовской области: вчера, сегодня, завтра. Ростов-на-Дону: Донской издательский дом; 2006. 488 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panov VD, Lur'e PM, Larionov YuA. Climate of the Rostov Region: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Rostov-on-Don: Donskoy Publishing House; 2006. 488 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jian-Ping Zhang, Xin-Hui Tian, Yong-Xun Yang, Qing-Xin Liu, Qun Wang, Li-Ping Chen, et al. Gleditsia Species: An Ethnomedical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2016;178:155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jian-Ping Zhang, Xin-Hui Tian, Yong-Xun Yang, Qing-Xin Liu, Qun Wang, Li-Ping Chen, et al. Gleditsia Species: An Ethnomedical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2016;178:155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiroyuki Namba, Katsuyoshi Saitou, Norio Sahashi, Masahiko Yamamoto, Tomoe Yoshida, Hiroshi Ogasawara, et al. Relationship Between Pollen Counts of Cryptomeria Japonica and Cupressaceae and the Severity of Allergic Symptoms. Allergology International. 2001;50(2):133–142. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1592.2001.00216.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiroyuki Namba, Katsuyoshi Saitou, Norio Sahashi, Masahiko Yamamoto, Tomoe Yoshida, Hiroshi Ogasawara, et al. Relationship Between Pollen Counts of Cryptomeria Japonica and Cupressaceae and the Severity of Allergic Symptoms. Allergology International. 2001;50(2):133–142. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1592.2001.00216.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D'Amato G, Spieksma FThM, Liccardi G, Jäger S, Russo M, Kontou-Fili K, et al. Pollen-Related Allergy in Europe. Allergy. 1998;53(6):567–578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03932.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D'Amato G, Spieksma FThM, Liccardi G, Jäger S, Russo M, Kontou-Fili K, et al. Pollen-Related Allergy in Europe. Allergy. 1998;53(6):567–578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03932.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roth-Walter F, Gomez-Casado C, Pacios L, Mothes-Luksch N, Roth GA, Singer J, et al. Bet v 1 from Birch Pollen Is a Lipocalin-Like Protein Acting as Allergen Only When Devoid of Iron by Promoting Th2 Lymphocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2014;289(25):17416–17421. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.567875</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roth-Walter F, Gomez-Casado C, Pacios L, Mothes-Luksch N, Roth GA, Singer J, et al. Bet v 1 from Birch Pollen Is a Lipocalin-Like Protein Acting as Allergen Only When Devoid of Iron by Promoting Th2 Lymphocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2014;289(25):17416–17421. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.567875</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asero R. Analysis of Hypersensitivity to Oleaceae Pollen in an Olive-Free and Ash-Free Area by Commercial Pollen Extracts and Recombinant Allergens. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011;43(3):77–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asero R. Analysis of Hypersensitivity to Oleaceae Pollen in an Olive-Free and Ash-Free Area by Commercial Pollen Extracts and Recombinant Allergens. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011;43(3):77–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asturias JA, Ibarrola I, Bartolomé B, Ojeda I, Malet A, Martínez A. Purification and Characterization of Pla a 1, a Major Allergen from Platanus Acerifolia Pollen. Allergy. 2002;57(3):221–227. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.03406.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asturias JA, Ibarrola I, Bartolomé B, Ojeda I, Malet A, Martínez A. Purification and Characterization of Pla a 1, a Major Allergen from Platanus Acerifolia Pollen. Allergy. 2002;57(3):221–227. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.03406.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
