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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2024-8-2-37-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UYBHDM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-364</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка экологических рисков мелководного водоема при проведении дноуглубительных работ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of Environmental Risks of a Shallow Water Body during Dredging Works</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-6005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Чистяков, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор кафедры программного обеспечения вычислительной техники и автоматизированных систем</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/O-1507-2016" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/O-1507-2016</ext-link></p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57203921718" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57203921718</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Chistyakov, Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor of the Computer Software and Automated Systems Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/O-1507-2016" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/O-1507-2016</ext-link></p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57203921718" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57203921718</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cheese_05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-1605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Юрьевна Кузнецова, старший преподаватель кафедры математики и информатики</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GZM-1593-2022" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GZM-1593-2022</ext-link></p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57217115003" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57217115003</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna Yu. Kuznetsova, Senior Lecturer of the Mathematics and Informatics Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GZM-1593-2022" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/GZM-1593-2022</ext-link></p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57217115003" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57217115003</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna.yu.kuznetsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чистяков А.Е., Кузнецова И.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чистяков А.Е., Кузнецова И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chistyakov A.E., Kuznetsova I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/364">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/364</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Усиление антропогенного воздействия на водные объекты требует комплексных решений для оценки экологических рисков. В литературе описаны этапы оценки, возможности экологического менеджмента и экспертного анализа. Исследуется моделирование рисков в данной сфере. При этом не изучен потенциал прогнозирования рисков для состояния воды и биоразнообразия в ходе часто выполняемых гидротехнических работ, например дноуглубления. Очевидны актуальность и важное прикладное значение такого подхода. Цель исследования — описание математической модели и программного комплекса, которые позволят оценивать риски для видового разнообразия экосистемы мелководного водоема при проведении работ в акватории.Материалы и методы. Исходной точкой моделирования было описание процесса движения водных масс по уравнениям Навье — Стокса и неразрывности при переменной плотности. Уравнение диффузии-конвекции использовали для прогнозирования переноса взвешенных и растворенных частиц и оценки влияния примесей при эвтрофикации. Создавая алгоритм, задействовали термины и определения, принятые Росстандартом для управления рисками в чрезвычайной ситуации.Результаты исследования. Для тестирования решения взяли данные о гидромеханических работах в районе порта Архангельска. Визуализировали поля концентрации взвешенных частиц, через 0, 15, 30 и 45 минут после выгрузки грунта. Установлено, что в процессе оседания взвеси область ее распространения значительно расширяется, и это полностью согласуется с данными натурных экспериментов при проведении дноуглубительных работ. Рассчитали и свели в таблицу объемы загрязненной воды при отвалах грунта на трех участках (при однократном сбросе и в сумме). Для оценки рисков Азовского моря брали максимальные концентрации загрязняющего вещества (меди), полученные в ходе замеров, моделирования и дистанционного зондирования Земли. В тестах для определения потенциальной опасности вещества исходили из того, что его концентрация вызывает реакцию у 50 % организмов. Для рыб потенциально опасная концентрация — 4мг/л при длительности влияния 96 ч. Для зоопланктона — 50 мг/л и 48 ч. Для микроводорослей 20 мг/л и 72 ч. Получено значение нормализованного риска — Rn ≈ 0,52. Признан значимым риск концентрации меди 80 мкг/л в водах Азовского моря. Выявлена тенденция увеличения солености Азовского моря и стратификация водных масс по содержанию кислорода, что согласуется с результатами экспедиционных исследований.Обсуждение и заключение. Разработанный подход позволил оценить изменение качества вод Азовского моря и описать некоторые трансформации акватории. Речь идет, в частности, о распространении взвешенных частиц и о районах их оседания. Указанные процессы обусловливают изменение рельефа дна, которое, в свою очередь, может привести к сокращению видового состава водоема.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The increasing anthropogenic impact on water bodies necessitates integrated solutions to assess environmental risks. Literature describes the stages of risk assessment, the possibilities of environmental management, and expert analysis, while risk modeling in this field is being investigated. However, the potential for predicting risks to water quality and biodiversity during frequently performed hydraulic engineering works such as dredging has not been fully explored. The relevance and practical significance of such an approach are evident. This study aims to develop a mathematical model and software package that can assess risks to species diversity of the ecosystem of a shallow reservoir ecosystem during work in its water area.Materials and Methods. The starting point for the simulation was a description of the movement of water masses based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation at variable density. We used the diffusion-convection equation to predict the transfer of suspended and dissolved particles, as well as to assess the impact of impurities during eutrophication. To create the algorithm, we utilized the terms and definitions defined by the state standard for risk management in emergency situations.Results. To test the solution, we took data on hydro-mechanical work in the port area of Arkhangelsk. We visualized the concentration fields of suspended particles 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after the soil was unloaded. It was found that during the settling of the suspension, the area of its distribution expanded significantly, and this was fully consistent with the data of field experiments during dredging. We calculated and tabulated the volumes of contaminated water at soil dumps in three sites (with a single discharge and in total). To assess the risks to the Sea of Azov, we used the maximum concentrations of pollutant (copper) obtained through measurements, modeling and remote sensing of the Earth. In tests to determine the potential danger of the substance, we assumed that its concentration caused a reaction in 50% of organisms. For fish, the potentially dangerous concentration was 4 mg/l with a duration of 96 hours of exposure. For zooplankton — 50 mg/l and 48 hours. For microalgae, 20 mg/l and 72 hours. The normalized risk value Rn ≈ 0.52 was obtained. The risk of copper concentration of 80 µg/l in the waters of the Azov Sea was recognized as significant. A tendency towards increasing salinity and stratification of water masses in terms of oxygen content has been identified, consistent with the findings of expeditionary research.Discussion and Conclusion. The developed approach has allowed us to assess the change in the quality of the waters of the Azov Sea and describe some transformations of the water area. Specifically, we are talking about the distribution of suspended particles and areas of their deposition. These processes can lead to changes in the bottom topography, which in turn can reduce the species diversity of the ecosystem.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидрохимические параметры акватории</kwd><kwd>прогноз распространения и осаждения взвешенных частиц</kwd><kwd>моделирование распространения загрязняющих веществ</kwd><kwd>сокращение видового разнообразия водной экосистемы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrochemical parameters of the water area</kwd><kwd>forecasting the spread and deposition of suspended particles</kwd><kwd>modeling the spread of pollutants</kwd><kwd>reducing the species diversity of the aquatic ecosystem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность редакции и рецензентам за внимательное отношение к статье и замечания, которые позволили повысить ее качество. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта № 21–71–20050.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to thank the Editorial board and the reviewers for their attentive attitude to the article and for the specified comments that improved the quality of the article. The research is done with the financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, scientific project No. 21–71–20050.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скворцова И.В., Смирнова И.С., Злобина З.А. Экологические риски в разрезе концепции устойчивого развития. Скиф. 2020;4(44):651–655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skvortsova IV, Smirnova IS, Zlobina ZA. Environmental Risks in the Concept of Sustainable Development. Skif. 2020;4(44):651–655. 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