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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2025-9-1-72-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KPYSHG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, НАУКИ О МАТЕРИАЛАХ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS  SCIENCES, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование соломы, угля и пенопласта для улучшения термических и механических характеристик полиуретана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Use of Straw, Coal and Foam to Improve Thermal  and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-9529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антибас</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antibas</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имад Ризакалла Антибас, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры основ конструирования машин </p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Imad R. Antibas, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Fundamentals of Machinery Design Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Imad.antypas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антибас И.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антибас И.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antibas I.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/443">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/443</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Полиуретан, состоящий из полиола и изоцианата, считается одним из самых эффективных теплоизоляционных материалов. Вероятно, его изоляционные качества можно усилить, если добавить такие наполнители, как солома, уголь и пенопласт. При этом есть риск ухудшения сцепления. В литературе описано введение добавок в полиуретан как укрепляющих компонентов. Незначительные объемы наполнителей объясняются необходимостью сохранить однородность образцов. Отметим, что большинство добавок не оказали значительного влияния на термические свойства. Цель данного исследования — изучить возможность повышения термических и механических характеристик полиуретана добавлением наполнителей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучались образцы полиуретана компании «Даумерк» (Daumerk, Турция) с различными добавками: четыре образца без наполнителей и шесть с добавлением 5 % и 10 % угля, соломы и пенопласта. Теплопроводность оценивали методом горячей пластины. Для испытания на сжатие задействовали устройство, обеспечивающее нагрузку до 5000 Н. Акустические свойства измеряли прибором для оценки звукопоглощения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Образец, содержащий 63 % изоцианата и 37 % полиола, обладает наименьшей плотностью (33 кг/м³). Причины: отсутствие наполнителей и однородная структура материала. Добавление 5 % наполнителей не оказало значительного влияния на плотность образца, потому что плотности соломы и пенопласта близки к плотности полиуретана без добавок. Низкое водопоглощение — у образцов без добавок (50 % изоцианата и 50 % полиола) и с добавкой пенопласта 5% (62 % изоцианата и 33 % полиола).  При увеличении доли изоцианата водопоглощение растет. Образцы с более высокой плотностью и без наполнителей демонстрируют лучшие показатели звукопоглощения. При низком содержании добавок (5 %) звукопоглощение увеличивается благодаря однородности структуры. При более высоком объеме добавок (10 %) звукопоглощение снижается из-за недостаточно прочных связей в материале. Добавка 10 % пенопласта обеспечивает максимальную устойчивость к воде.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Оптимальное содержание наполнителей улучшает термические, механические и акустические характеристики полиуретана, открывая новые возможности для его применения. Большой объем наполнителей негативно сказывается на свойствах материала. Так, высокое содержание соломы заметно повышается водопоглощение. Рекомендуется использовать 5 % соломы с 62 % изоцианата и 33 % полиола. Теплопроводность этого состава — 0,023 Вт/м·K, плотность — 37 кг/м³, прочность на сжатие — 358 кН/м². Результаты исследования подтверждают возможность и целесообразность использования наполнителей (особенно угля и соломы) в производстве полиуретановых материалов. Модифицированный состав будет дешевле и с лучшими физическими характеристиками. Задачей дальнейших исследований может быть изучение других видов наполнителей для полиуретана.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Polyurethane, a material composed of polyol and isocyanate, has been recognized as one of the most efficient thermal insulation materials. However, its insulating properties can be further enhanced by incorporating additives such as straw, coal, or foam. Nevertheless, there is a concern regarding the potential for reduced adhesion. The literature describes the introduction of additives into polyurethane as strengthening components. The limited volumes of fillers are justified by the need to maintain the uniformity of the samples. It should be noted that most additives did not significantly impact the thermal properties of the material. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of improving thermal and mechanical characteristics of polyurethane by adding fillers.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Samples of polyurethane from the company "Daumerk" (Turkey), with various additives, were experimentally studied. In the first stage, four samples were prepared without fillers, and in the second stage, six more samples were created with 5% and 10% additions of coal, straw, and foam. Thermal conductivity was assessed using a hot plate method, while compression testing was conducted using a device that could apply loads up to 5,000 N. Acoustic properties were measured with an instrument that evaluated the sound absorption coefficient.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The sample containing 63% isocyanate and 37% polyol had the lowest density of 33 kg/m³. This was due to the absence of fillers and the homogeneous structure of the material. Adding 5% fillers did not significantly affect the density of the sample because the densities of straw and foam were close to the density of polyurethane without additives. Low water absorption was found in samples without additives (50% isocyanate and 50% polyol) and with 5% addition of foam (62% isocyanate and 33% polyol). As the proportion of isocyanate increased, water absorption increased. Samples with higher density and no fillers had better sound absorption. With a low additive content (5%), sound absorption increased due to the homogeneity of the structure. However, with a higher additive volume (10%), sound absorption decreased due to weaker bonds in the material. Adding 10% foam provided maximum resistance to water.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The optimal filler content improves thermal, mechanical, and acoustic properties of polyurethane, opening up new possibilities for its application. However, a large volume of fillers can have a negative effect on the material's properties. For example, a high straw content can significantly increase water absorption. Therefore, it is recommended to use 5% straw content in combination with 62% isocyanate and 33% polyol, resulting in a thermal conductivity of 0.023 W/m·K, a density of 37 kg/m³, and a compressive strength of 358 kN/m². These results confirm the feasibility and possibility of using fillers, such as coal and straw, in the production of polyurethane materials. A modified composition with these fillers would be cheaper and possess better physical properties than the original material. Further research could focus on studying other types of fillers for polyurethane.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теплоизоляционные свойства полиуретана</kwd><kwd>полиуретан с добавлением угля</kwd><kwd>полиуретан с добавлением соломы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermal insulation properties of polyurethane</kwd><kwd>polyurethane with the addition of coal</kwd><kwd>polyurethane with the addition of straw</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор благодарит за помощь в проведении исследования и работе над статьей  Ю.Н. Костюка — кандидата технических наук, доцента кафедры общей и инженерной геологии Института наук о Земле Южного федерального университета.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author would like to thank Yu.N. Kostyuk, Cand. Sci. 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