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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2025-9-2-170-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WDDMOV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, НАУКИ О МАТЕРИАЛАХ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS  SCIENCES, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние предварительной цементации на структуру и свойства диффузионных покрытий на основе хрома на сталях, полученных в среде легкоплавких жидкометаллических растворов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of Pre-Carburization on the Structure and Properties of Chromium Coatings on Steels Formed by Diffusion Alloying in Liquid Metal Media Solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8552-2582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистун</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistun</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лев Иванович Свистун, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры инженерии систем управления, материалов и технологий в машиностроении</p><p>350072, г. Краснодар, ул. Московская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev I. Svistun, Dr.Sci (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Engineering of Control Systems, Materials and Technologies in Mechanical Engineering</p><p>2, Moskovskaya Str., Krasnodar, 350072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saas25@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-1807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобылёв</surname><given-names>Э. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobylyov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Эдуардович Бобылёв, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры инженерии систем управления, материалов и технологий в машиностроении</p><p>350072, г. Краснодар, ул. Московская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard E. Bobylyov, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Engineering of Control Systems, Materials and Technologies in Mechanical Engineering</p><p>2, Moskovskaya Str., Krasnodar, 350072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ebobylev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-6232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ниров</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nirov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аслан Дантесович Ниров, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры транспортных процессов и технологических комплексов</p><p>350072, г. Краснодар, ул. Московская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan D. Nirov, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Transport Processes and Technological Complexes</p><p>2, Moskovskaya Str., Krasnodar, 350072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nirovaslan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0900-9330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стороженко</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storozhenko</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Дмитриевич Стороженко, старший преподаватель кафедры машиностроения Армавирского механико-технологического института (филиала) Кубанского государственного технологического университета</p><p>350072, г. Краснодар, ул. Московская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Storozhenko, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Armavir Institute of Mechanics and Technology</p><p>2, Moskovskaya Str., Krasnodar, 350072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">storojenko_armv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Андреевич Попов, аспирант кафедры инженерии систем управления, материалов и технологий в машиностроении</p><p>350072, г. Краснодар, ул. Московская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Popov, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Engineering of Control Systems, Materials and Technologies in Mechanical Engineering</p><p>350072, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Moskovskaya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свистун Л.И., Бобылёв Э.Э., Ниров А.Д., Стороженко И.Д., Попов Р.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свистун Л.И., Бобылёв Э.Э., Ниров А.Д., Стороженко И.Д., Попов Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Svistun L.I., Bobylyov E.E., Nirov A.D., Storozhenko I.D., Popov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/472">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/472</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Диффузионная металлизация из среды легкоплавких жидкометаллических растворов (ДМЛЖР) позволяет формировать покрытия для изделий из металла. При этом под слоем карбидного покрытия сокращается содержание углерода в сплаве, что негативно сказывается на работе изделий в условиях контактных напряжений. Для нейтрализации обезуглероживания, а также получения глубоких упрочненных слоев предложена комплексная химико-термическая обработка (КХТО) — это предварительная цементация и последующая ДМЛЖР хромом. Важно сопоставить особенности покрытий на металлических образцах, прошедших и не прошедших цементацию. Результаты таких исследований ранее не публиковались. Цель работы — анализ влияния предварительной цементации на хромовые диффузионные покрытия и структуру покрываемого образца.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Покрытия получены путем погружения образцов из сталей Ст3 и 40Х в реакционнотранспортную среду PbLi с добавлением хрома. Часть образцов предварительно прошла вакуумную цементацию. На универсальном микроскопе NU-2E Carl Zeiss Jena («Карл Цейс Джина» (англ.)) определялись толщина покрытия и структура образца. Микрорентгеноспектральный анализ (МРСА) проводился на электронном микроскопе Tescan Lyra 3 («Тискан Лира 3» (англ.)) с системой PCMA Oxford Ultim MAX («Пи-си-эм-эй Оксфорд Ультим МАКС» (англ.)). Микротвердость определял микротвердомер Dura Scan Falcon 500 («Дюра Скан Фалькон 500» (англ.)). Рентгенофазовый анализ (РФА) проводили на рентгеновском дифрактометре Bruker D8 Advance Есо («Брюкер Ди-8 Эдванс Эко» (англ.)).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Без цементации на образце из стали Ст3 сформировалось покрытие толщиной 12 мкм, с цементацией — 22 мкм. Разница — в 1,83 раза. Глубина диффузии хрома в образце без цементации составила 18 мкм, в образце с предварительной цементацией — 34 мкм. Цементация обеспечила значительное увеличение глубины упрочненного слоя. Без предварительной обработки после ДМЛЖР фиксировались показатели микротвердости покрытия: 1400 HV0,02 для Ст3 и 1650 HV0,02 для 40Х. После КХТО: 1500 HV0,02 для Ст3 и 1800 HV0,0 для 40Х. Однако на глубине 10 мкм микротвердость (160 HV0,02) оказалась ниже показателя покрываемого материала для обоих образцов. После КХТО исчезают зоны с пониженной микротвердостью, глубина упрочненного слоя — 1,5 мм для Ст3 и 2 мм для 40Х.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Предварительная цементация позволяет избежать формирования разупрочненного подслоя между покрытием и покрываемым материалом, что важно для эксплуатации изделий при контактных напряжениях. Следовательно, детали из конструкционных сталей с хромовым покрытием после цементации можно использовать в условиях абразивно-коррозионного воздействия и высоких механических нагрузок. Примеры такой эксплуатации — компрессорная техника и нефтегазовое оборудование.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Diffusion alloying from the medium of low-melting liquid metal solutions (DALMMS) allows us to form coatings for metal products. At the same time, the carbon content in the alloy is reduced under the carbide coating layer, which negatively affects the operation of products under contact stresses. To neutralize decarburization, as well as to obtain deep hardened layers, a complex chemical-thermal treatment (CCTT) is proposed. It means pre-carburization and subsequent DALMMS with chromium. It is important to compare the characteristics of coatings on metal samples that have undergone and have not undergone carburization. The results of such studies have not been published before. The aim of the work is to analyze the effect of pre-carburization on chromium-based diffusion coatings and the structure of the coated sample.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The coatings were obtained by immersing St3 and 40X steel samples in a PbLi reaction transport medium with the addition of chromium. Some of the samples were previously subjected to vacuum carburization. The coating thickness and structure of the coated sample were determined using a universal microscope NU-2E (Carl Zeiss Jena). Electron microprobe analysis was performed on a Tescan Lyra 3 electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system. Microhardness was determined by the Dura Scan Falcon 500 microhardness tester. X-ray phase analysis (XPA) was performed on a Bruker D8 Advance Eco X-ray diffractometer.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Without carburization, a coating with a thickness of 12 µm was formed on the St3 steel sample, while with carburization it was 22 µm. The difference was 1.83 times. The chromium diffusion depth in the sample without carburization was 18 µm. In the sample with pre-carburization it was 34 µm. Carburization provided a significant increase in the depth of the hardened layer. Without pre-treatment, the microhardness values of the coating were recorded after DALMMS: 1400 HV0.02 for St3 and 1650 HV0.02 for 40X. After CCTT: 1500 HV0.02 for St3 and 1800 HV0.0 for 40X. However, at a depth of 10 µm, the microhardness (160 HV0.02) was lower than that of the coated material for both samples. After CCTT, the areas with reduced microhardness disappeared, and the depth of the hardened layer was 1.5 mm for St3 and 2 mm for 40X.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. Pre-carburization helps to avoid the formation of a softened sublayer between the coating and the coated material, which is important for the performance of products under contact stresses. Consequently, chrome-coated structural steel parts can be used after carburization in conditions of abrasive corrosion and high mechanical loads. Examples of these applications include compressor equipment and oil and gas equipment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химико-термические методы упрочнения</kwd><kwd>диффузионная металлизация</kwd><kwd>предварительная цементация</kwd><kwd>диффузионное легирование хромом</kwd><kwd>обезуглероженный ферритный подслой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemical-thermal strengthening methods</kwd><kwd>diffusion metallization</kwd><kwd>pre-carburization</kwd><kwd>diffusion alloying with chromium</kwd><kwd>decarburized ferrite sublayer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">За помощь в получении результатов авторы благодарят сотрудников кафедры «Материаловедение и композиционные материалы» ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный технический университет» и лично доцента, кандидата технических наук А.И. Богданова.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to express their gratitude to the team of the Department of Materials Science and Composite Materials, Volgograd State Technical University, in particular to Bogdanov A.I., Cand.Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, for their assistance in obtaining the results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiang Hou, Hao Wang, Qun Yang, Yanxia Chen, Linjiang Chai, Bo Song, et al. Microstructure and Properties of Cr-AlN Composite Coating Prepared by Pack-Cementation on the Surface of Al-Containing ODS Steel. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2022;447:128842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128842</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang Hou, Hao Wang, Qun Yang, Yanxia Chen, Linjiang Chai, Bo Song, et al. 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