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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2025-9-3-242-249</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OIJHCO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, НАУКИ О МАТЕРИАЛАХ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS  SCIENCES, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние магнитного поля на особенности поведения трещин в стали после термической обработки на высокопрочное состояние</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of the Magnetic Field on the Behavior of Cracks in Steel after Heat Treatment to a High-Strength State</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-3520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пустовойт Виктор Николаевич - доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов».</p><p>344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>Scopus ID 7006220091</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Pustovoit - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Professor of the Materials Science and Metal Technology Department, Don State Technical University.</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>Scopus ID 7006220091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pustovoyt45@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-1136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгачев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgachev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгачев Юрий Вячиславович - доктор технических наук, доцент кафедры «Материаловедение и технология металлов».</p><p>344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>Scopus ID 55151183800; ResearcherID B-2328-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Dolgachev - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Materials Science and Metal Technology Department, Don State Technical University.</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>Scopus ID 55151183800; ResearcherID B-2328-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ydolgachev@donstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>242</fpage><lpage>249</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pustovoit V.N., Dolgachev Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/492">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/492</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Усталостное разрушение происходит при напряжениях ниже предела прочности, характеризуясь внезапностью и катастрофическими последствиями. Статистические данные свидетельствуют о том, что разрушение при циклическом нагружении является одним из наиболее распространённых видов повреждений материалов, а их работоспособность во многом определяется сопротивлением росту трещин. Кроме уже известных методов достижения высокопрочного состояния, предлагается использовать термическую обработку в магнитном поле (ТОМП). Тем не менее, механизмы изменения поведения трещин после такой обработки и факторы, влияющие на трещиностойкость, всё ещё недостаточно изучены. В связи с этим поставлена цель оценить влияние структуры после ТОМП на кинетические особенности роста усталостных трещин и эффективность образуемых в процессе ТОМП структурных барьеров, препятствующих разрушению стали.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Кинетику развития усталостной трещины исследовали при циклических испытаниях призматических образцов на оригинальной установке со специальным стабилизатором амплитуды колебаний. Возникновение и последующее развитие трещины регистрировали методом электропотенциалов. Исследования проводили на сталях, термически обработанных на высокопрочное состояние: сталь 18Х2Н4ВА после закалки на воздухе со структурой мартенсита и сталь 30ХГСА после изотермической закалки при 380 °С на структуру нижнего бейнита. Магнитное поле напряженностью 1,6 МА/м получали в магнитном зазоре электромагнита ФЛ–1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Установлено, что термическая обработка сталей 30XΓCA и 18X2H4BA в магнитном поле напряженностью 1,6 МА/м приводит к заметному снижению скорости распространения усталостных трещин. Отмечено повышение пороговых значений напряжений для расслоения магистральной трещины по отрывному механизму, что свидетельствует о повышении долговечности. При анализе траекторий трещин был выявлен рост показателей их ветвления — увеличение стандартного отклонения углов наклона трещин, а также уменьшение интервала корреляции наклона изгибов трещины относительно среднего положения на 0,5 мкм. Эти изменения обусловлены влиянием магнитного поля на микроструктуру мартенсита, формированием большего числа эффективных барьеров на пути движения трещин, что в итоге сказывается на устойчивости к усталостному разрушению сталей и их механических свойствах.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Анализ полученных результатов на основе современных теорий прочности и разрушения показал, что механизм вязкого разрушения, который характерен для исследуемых сталей, работает путём зарождения, роста и коалесценции пор. Под действием нормальных напряжений на поверхности микропор оседают вакансии и в результате этого пора постепенно трансформируется в трещину. Наблюдения за трещинами в фольгах показали, что изменение траектории трещины не зависит от вида термической обработки и является случайным процессом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Статистическая обработка опытных данных, полученных в этой работе, позволяет сделать вывод, что после ТОМП формируется структура, обеспечивающая увеличение микроизвилистости трещины с повышенной крутизной изгибов траектории из-за часто встречающихся структурных барьеров. Выявленные особенности поведения трещин положительно характеризуют ТОМП как практический способ создания высокопрочного состояния сталей, применимый для широкого ассортимента марок и не требующий кардинальных изменений в технологии их термической обработки. Повышение трещиностойкости сталей способствует улучшению безопасности различных устройств и техногенных систем, а также снижению их себестоимости и затрат на обслуживание.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Fatigue failure develops at stresses below the ultimate strength and is characterized by its suddenness and catastrophic consequences. Statistical data indicate that failure under cyclic loading is one of the common types of damage to materials and their performance is largely determined by their resistance to crack growth. In addition to well-known methods for achieving high-strength states, it has been proposed to use heat treatment in the magnetic field (HTMF). However, the mechanisms of crack behavior changes after such treatment and factors affecting crack resistance remain poorly understood. In this regard, this study aims to assess the effect of the structure after HTMF on the kinetic features of fatigue crack growth and the effectiveness of structural barriers formed during HTMF, preventing the destruction of steel.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The kinetics of fatigue crack development was studied during cyclic testing of prismatic samples using an original setup with a special stabilizer of oscillation amplitude. The occurrence and subsequent development of a crack was recorded by the method of electric potentials. The studies were conducted on steels that had been heat-treated to achieve a high-strength state: 18Kh2N4VA steel after quenching in air with a martensite structure and 30KhGSA steel after isothermal quenching at 380℃ to a lower bainite structure. A magnetic field of 1.6 MA/m was obtained in the magnetic gap of the FL-1 electromagnet.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that heat treatment of 30KhGSA and 18Kh2N4VA steels in a magnetic field of 1.6 MA/m led to a noticeable decrease in the rate of fatigue crack propagation. An increase in the threshold stress values for the delamination of the main crack by the tear-off mechanism was noted, which indicated an increase in durability. When analyzing the crack trajectories, an increase in their branching indicators was revealed: an increase in the standard deviation of crack inclination angles, as well as a decrease in the correlation interval of the crack bend inclination relative to the average position by 0.5 μm. These changes were due to the effect of the magnetic field on the microstructure of martensite, the formation of a greater number of effective barriers on the path of crack movement, which ultimately affected the resistance to fatigue failure of steels and their mechanical properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Analysis of the obtained results, based on modern theories of strength and fracture, revealed that the mechanism of viscous destruction, which was typical for the steels under study, worked by the origin, growth and coalescence of pores. Under the influence of normal stresses, vacancies settled on the surface of micropores and as a result, the pore gradually transformed into a crack. Observations of cracks in foils showed that the change in the crack trajectory did not depend on the type of heat treatment and was a random process.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The statistical data obtained in this study allow us to conclude that after HTMF, a structure is formed that leads to an increase in the micro-tortuosity of cracks, with a steeper trajectory of bends due to frequent structural barriers. These features of crack behavior suggest that HTMF is a practical method for achieving a high-strength state in steels, which can be applied to a wide range of steel grades without requiring significant changes to their heat treatment processes. By increasing the crack resistance of steels, we can improve the safety of various devices and man-made systems, as well as reduce their costs and maintenance requirements.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>высокопрочное состояние</kwd><kwd>магнитное поле</kwd><kwd>усталостное разрушение</kwd><kwd>трещины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>high-strength condition</kwd><kwd>magnetic field</kwd><kwd>fatigue failure</kwd><kwd>cracks</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят редакцию журнала за ценные замечания и сотрудников кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов» за помощь в получении и обсуждении результатов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to thank the editorial board of the journal for their insightful comments and to the staff of the Department of Materials Science and Technology of Metals for their assistance in obtaining and reviewing the results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gdoutos EE. 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