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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2026-10-1-7-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KSHRFD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-528</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Матрица факторов пожарной опасности воздушных линий электропередачи как основа для моделирования риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Matrix of Fire Hazard Factors for Overhead Power Lines as a Basis for Risk Modeling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7260-8210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огурцов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogurtsov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Александрович Огурцов, аспирант кафедры «Безопасность жизнедеятельности»</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, ул. Ленина, 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Ogurtsov, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Life Safety</p><p>86, Lenin St., Chelyabinsk, 454080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ogurtsovda@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Огурцов Д.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Огурцов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ogurtsov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/528">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/528</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследования пожарных рисков, связанных с воздушными линиями электропередачи (ВЛЭП), учитывают горючие материалы, рельеф и метеорологические условия. Изучены механизмы возникновения и распространения пожаров. На базе статистики инцидентов развивается количественное моделирование рисков. Однако сценарии опираются на произвольные или слабо формализованные наборы исходных факторов, что затрудняет формирование единых систем управления рисками. Представленная научная работа восполняет этот пробел. Ее цель — создание единой классификации факторов пожарной опасности ВЛЭП с учетом причины, среды и развития горения. На этой базе строится сценарная матрица риска для ВЛЭП.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Основа исследования — метод оценки пожарной опасности, при котором пожар от ВЛЭП рассматривается как результат взаимодействия трех ключевых компонентов: источника зажигания, горючей среды и условий распространения горения. Анализ литературы позволил провести декомпозицию этих элементов системы, классифицировать их и определить принципы систематизации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Источники зажигания, горючая среда и условия распространения горения показаны как оси сценарной матрицы риска пожаров, связанных с ВЛЭП. Факторы классифицируются, структурируются и приводятся в виде авторских схем. Первая включает типы замыканий, нагрева и механизмы зажигания. Во второй четыре класса материалов дифференцируются по чувствительности к возгоранию. В третьей характеризуются три категории условий распространения огня. Математически представлены уровень риска и критическая энергия зажигания. Итоговая матрица агрегирует четыре класса материалов: высокочувствительные, среднечувствительные, слабочувствительные и специфичные. Условия распространения горения делятся на благоприятные, умеренные и неблагоприятные. С учетом источников зажигания (межфазные и однофазные) определяются уровни риска: низкий, средний, высокий и критический.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Матрица объединила 24 типовых сценария исследуемой опасности (две группы источников × четыре класса материалов × три категории условий распространения). Пять сценариев (примерно 21 %) — критические. Как правило, они возникают при сочетании высокоэнергетических аварийных режимов, высоко- и среднечувствительных материалов и неблагоприятных метеоусловий. Матрицу можно задействовать при переходе от качественного описания обстановки на ВЛЭП к количественной оценке вероятности пожара и его последствий. Новация будет полезна при моделировании инцидентов на ВЛЭП, доработке мер безопасности, улучшении оценки рисков. Сценарии можно ранжировать по значимости, что позволит более рационально распределять ресурсы на защитные мероприятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Новый подход, в отличие от традиционного, позволяет преодолеть ограничения фрагментарной оценки опасности и системно анализировать сценарии пожаров, связанных с ВЛЭП. Благодаря этому можно обосновать решения по модернизации и усилению защиты отдельных участков сети, то есть ориентировать инвестиции на элементы инфраструктуры и типовые ситуации, от которых в большей степени зависят пожарные риски. В будущих исследованиях по этой теме предполагается:</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Studies of fire risks associated with overhead power lines (OHPLs) consider combustible materials, terrain, and meteorological conditions. The mechanisms of fire occurrence and spread have been studied, and quantitative risk modeling is being developed based on incident statistics. However, these scenarios rely on arbitrary or poorly defined sets of initial factors, making it difficult to create unified risk management systems. This scientific work aims to fill this gap by creating a unified classification of fire hazard factors for overhead power lines that takes into account the causes, environment, and development of fires. A scenario-based risk matrix for OHPLs is built on this foundation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The basis of the study was a method for assessing fire risk, which considers fire from overhead power lines as a result of the interaction between three key components: the ignition source, combustible medium and fire propagation conditions. Through an analysis of the relevant literature, these components were broken down, classified, and the principles for systematizing them were identified.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Ignition sources, combustible medium, and fire propagation conditions were presented as axes in the scenario matrix of fire risk associated with overhead power lines. These factors were classified and structured using author-created diagrams. The first one included the types of short circuits, heating, and ignition mechanisms. In the second, four classes of materials were differentiated by their sensitivity to fire. The third one described three categories of fire propagation conditions. The risk level and critical ignition energy were mathematically represented. The final matrix aggregated four classes of material: high-sensitive, medium-sensitive, low-sensitive, and specific. Fire spread conditions were divided into favorable, moderate, and unfavorable. Taking into account the ignition sources (interphase and single-phase), the risk levels were determined: low, medium, high, and critical.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The matrix combined 24 typical scenarios of the studied hazard (two groups of sources × four classes of materials × three categories of propagation conditions). Five scenarios (approximately 21%) were critical. As a rule, they occurred with a combination of high-energy emergency conditions, high- and medium-sensitive materials and adverse weather conditions. The matrix can be used in the transition from a qualitative description of OHPLs to a quantitative assessment of the probability of a fire and its consequences. This innovation will be beneficial for modeling OHPL incidents, refining safety measures, and improving risk assessment. Scenarios can be ranked based on importance, allowing for a more efficient allocation of resources for protective measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The new approach, in contrast to the traditional one, makes it possible to overcome the limitations of the fragmented hazard assessment and systematically analyze fire scenarios related to overhead power lines. This allows us to justify decisions on modernizing and strengthening the protection of individual network sections, i.e., to focus investments on infrastructure elements and typical situations that fire risks depend on to a greater extent. Future research in this area is expected to:</p><p>set numerical thresholds for four risk levels.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воздушная линия электропередачи</kwd><kwd>ВЛЭП</kwd><kwd>источник зажигания</kwd><kwd>горючая среда</kwd><kwd>условия распространения горения</kwd><kwd>матрица риска возгорания ВЛЭП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>overhead power line</kwd><kwd>OHPL</kwd><kwd>ignition source</kwd><kwd>flammable environment</kwd><kwd>fire propagation conditions</kwd><kwd>OHPL fire risk matrix</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahn W, Urban JL, Rein G. 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