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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">btps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасность техногенных и природных систем</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9129</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2541-9129-2022-2-43-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">btps-123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of the fire hazard level of buildings (structures) in operation, taking into account the functional fire hazard class for 2017-2020</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка уровня пожарной опасности эксплуатируемых зданий (сооружений) с учетом класса функциональной пожарной опасности за 2017–2020 годы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-1337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харин Владимир Владимирович, начальник НИЦ ОУП ПБ</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">otdel_1_3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-6297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобринев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrinev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобринев Евгений Васильевич, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела 1.3 НИЦ ОУП ПБ, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">otdel_1_3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондашов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondashov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондашов Андрей Александрович, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела 1.3 НИЦ ОУП ПБ, кандидат физико-математических наук</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akond2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удавцова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Udavtsova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Удавцова Елена Юрьевна, старший научный сотрудник отдела 1.3 НИЦ ОУП ПБ, кандидат технических наук</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">otdel_1_3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-2141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавырина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavyrina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шавырина Татьяна Александровна, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела 1.3 НИЦ ОУП ПБ, кандидат технических наук</p><p>143903, Московская обл., г. Балашиха, мкр. ВНИИПО, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Balashikha</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shavyrina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский Ордена «Знак Почета» научно-исследовательский институт противопожарной обороны МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kharin V.V., Bobrinev E.V., Kondashov A.A., Udavtsova E.Y., Shavyrina T.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харин В.В., Бобринев Е.В., Кондашов А.А., Удавцова Е.Ю., Шавырина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharin V.V., Bobrinev E.V., Kondashov A.A., Udavtsova E.Y., Shavyrina T.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/123">https://www.bps-journal.ru/jour/article/view/123</self-uri><abstract><p>Introduction. The article analyzes the methods of assessing the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures). The indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" is proposed to assess the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures).Problem Statement. To assess the fire hazard level of operated buildings (structures), various indicators are used that do not take into account the number of people present at the facility during the fire, but are dependent on this value. The calculation of the indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" as an additional one allows us to estimate the magnitude of fire hazard factors at facilities without taking into account the number of people who were at the protection facility during the fire.Theoretical Part. As the basic information in the study, the statistics of fires and their consequences for 2017-2020 at operated facilities grouped by functional fire hazard classes were used. The indicators used in the calculation are the number of fires, the number of people killed and the number of injured people.Conclusions. The indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" evaluates the probability of survival of people caught in the zone of exposure to fire hazards that lead to injury or death of a person, and characterizes the magnitude of fire hazard factors. Large values of this indicator may indicate a low level of fire hazard — the damage to health does not lead to the death of victims. The calculations of this and other indicators for objects of protection by functional fire hazard classes based on statistical data on fires and their social consequences are given. The high level of fire hazard in single-family residential buildings, agricultural buildings and cultural and leisure institutions is shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Проанализированы способы оценки уровня пожарной опасности эксплуатируемых зданий (сооружений). Предложен показатель «доля травмированных при пожарах людей от общего количества пострадавших людей при пожарах» для оценки уровня пожарной опасности эксплуатируемых зданий (сооружений).Постановка задачи. Для оценки уровня пожарной опасности эксплуатируемых зданий (сооружений) используются различные показатели, не учитывающие количество людей, присутствовавших на объекте во время пожара. Вместе с тем рассматриваемые показатели находятся в зависимости от этого количества людей. Расчет показателя «доля травмированных при пожарах людей от общего количества пострадавших людей при пожарах» в качестве дополнительного позволит оценить факторы пожарной опасности на объектах без учета количества людей, находившихся на объекте защиты во время пожара.Теоретическая часть. В качестве базовой информации в исследовании использована статистика пожаров и их последствий за 2017–2020 гг. на эксплуатируемых объектах, сгруппированных по классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Показатели, использованные при расчете: количество пожаров, количество погибших людей, количество травмированных людей.Выводы. Показатель «доля травмированных при пожарах людей от общего количества пострадавших людей при пожарах» оценивает вероятность выживания людей, оказавшихся в зоне воздействия опасных факторов пожара, приводящих к травме или гибели человека, и характеризует величину факторов пожарной опасности. Большие значения этого показателя могут свидетельствовать о низком уровне пожарной опасности. При этом нанесенный вред здоровью не приводит к гибели пострадавших. Приведены расчеты этого и других показателей для объектов защиты по классам функциональной пожарной опасности на основе статистических данных о пожарах и их социальных последствиях. Показан высокий уровень пожарной опасности в одноквартирных жилых домах, зданиях сельскохозяйственного назначения и культурно-досуговых учреждениях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожар</kwd><kwd>объект защиты</kwd><kwd>класс функциональной пожарной опасности</kwd><kwd>гибель</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fire</kwd><kwd>object of protection</kwd><kwd>functional fire hazard class</kwd><kwd>death</kwd><kwd>injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Introduction. Many scientific studies have been devoted to the problem of fire hazard assessment of operated buildings (structures) [1–4]. At the same time, approaches to such an assessment often differ. It is proposed to use the following indicators: "the risk for a person to die in a fire" [1, 2]; "the proportion of dead and injured people for a group of hazardous objects similar in types of economic activity", calculated as the average number of injured people per object per year [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]; an indicator based on the Dow-Jones approach [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>] et al. However, it is not always possible to accurately estimate the number of people who are at the hazardous object during a fire. In addition, biased estimates are calculations of the average number of people killed per 1 object per a year or per 1 fire, because they do not take into account the total number of people who are at the hazardous object during the fire, at the same time, the estimates under consideration depend on the total number of people.</p><p>In 2020, the number of planned and unscheduled fire safety inspections of hazardous facilities decreased by 66% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit5">5</xref>]. This is due to several factors: firstly, changes in control and supervisory activities, enshrined in Federal Law No. 248-FZ of 31.07.2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation", which establishes a new procedure for the organization and implementation of state and municipal control. Secondly, the adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation of a number of resolutions related to the pandemic, including the extension of the moratorium on scheduled inspections of small and medium-sized businesses and the restriction of unscheduled inspections in the conditions of the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of these studies is to identify the hazardous objects that have the maximum level of fire danger.</p><p>Problem Statement. Based on the statistics of fires and their consequences for 2017-2020 [6-9, 10], the research provides the fire hazard assessment of operated buildings (structures) grouped by the level of such hazard in accordance with Article 32 of Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22.07.2008 "Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements". Data on the statistics of fires and their consequences are given in Table 1.</p><p>Table 1</p><p>Statistical data on the number of fires and injured and dead people for 2017-2020</p><p>The following indicators were calculated for each group of hazardous objects differing in the class of functional fire hazard:</p><p>Theoretical Part. Figure 1 shows the distribution of fires by groups of hazardous objects corresponding to functional fire hazard classes. Most of the fires in 2017-2020 occurred in single-family residential buildings (46%), multi-apartment residential buildings (32%) and objects of functional fire hazard class Ф5.2 (warehouse buildings, etc.). Figures 2, 3 reflect the consequences of fires at various facilities.</p><p>Fig. 1. Distribution of fires by functional hazard classes</p><p>Fig. 2. Distribution of the number of people killed in fires per 1 fire by groups of hazardous objects</p><p>Fig. 3. Distribution of the number of victims (dead and injured) in fires of people per 1 fire by groups of hazardous objects</p><p>The maximum negative effect from fires was recorded at objects of functional hazard class Ф2.1 (cultural and leisure institutions, etc.). This indicator is also high in single-family and multi-apartment residential buildings and at objects of class Ф1.2 (hotels, dormitories, etc.). However, such values of the considered indicators can be associated with both a high level of fire danger of hazardous facilities and a large number of people who are at the facilities during a fire.</p><p>To assess the fire hazard of operated buildings (structures), it is proposed to use the indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" as an additional indicator. This indicator evaluates the probability of survival of people exposed to fire hazards that lead to injury or death of a person, and characterizes the magnitude of fire hazard factors. Large values of this indicator may indicate a low level of fire danger, when damage to health does not lead to the death of victims. Figure 4 shows the ratio of the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of victims of fires by groups of hazardous objects corresponding to functional hazard classes.</p><p>Fig. 4. The proportion of injured people from the amount of victims by groups of hazardous objects</p><p>As it can be seen from Figure 4, the highest level of fire hazard is recorded in single-family residential buildings. It should be noted that the biggest amount of fires occurred at these facilities (Fig. 1). However, if the indicator "average number of deaths per 1 object per year" is used, we get an estimate of 2.4·10-5 people/object /year, whereas for apartment buildings a similar estimate is 9.0·10-5 people /object/year. The calculated data obtained confirm the conclusion that it is incorrect to use this indicator to assess the level of fire danger of operated buildings (structures) without taking into account the number of people who are at the hazardous object during the fire. The proposed indicator "the proportion of people injured in fires from the total number of people injured in fires" does not depend on taking into account the number of people who are at the hazardous object during a fire, and seems to be more optimal for assessing the magnitude of the fire hazard of buildings (structures) in operation. It should be noted that low values of this indicator were obtained for agricultural buildings (Ф5.3), as well as cultural and leisure institutions (Ф2.1). Let us mention that other methods of assessing the fire hazard of operated buildings (structures) do not record a high level of fire hazard of agricultural buildings.</p><p>Conclusions. The indicators of fire hazard assessment of operated buildings (structures) classified according to the level of fire hazard in accordance with Article 32 of Federal Law No. 123-FZ dated 22.07.2008 "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" are analyzed. A new indicator for such an assessment is proposed. The high level of fire hazard in single-family residential buildings, agricultural buildings and cultural and leisure institutions is shown. It is necessary to develop new forms of organization and implementation of state and municipal control, taking into account the high risks of fire hazard of hazardous objects of the selected categories.</p><p> </p><p>Received 17.02.2022</p><p>Revised 02.03.2022</p><p>Accepted 03.03.2022</p><p>About the Authors:</p><p>Kharin, Vladimir V., Head of the Research Center, The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) (12, mcr. VNIIPO, Balashikha, Moscow region, 143903, RF), <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-1337" ext-link-type="uri">ORCID</ext-link>, otdel_1_3@mail.ru</p><p>Bobrinev, Evgeniy V., Leading researcher, The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) (12, mcr. VNIIPO, Balashikha, Moscow region, 143903, RF), Cand. Sci., <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-6297" ext-link-type="uri">ORCID</ext-link>, otdel_1_3@mail.ru</p><p>Kondashov, Andrey A., Leading researcher, The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) (12, mcr. VNIIPO, Balashikha, Moscow region, 143903, RF), Cand. Sci., <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1669" ext-link-type="uri">ORCID</ext-link>, akond2008@mail.ru</p><p>Udavtsova, Elena Yu., Senior researcher, The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) (12, mcr. VNIIPO, Balashikha, Moscow region, 143903, RF), Cand. Sci., <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0849" ext-link-type="uri">ORCID</ext-link>, otdel_1_3@mail.ru</p><p>Shavyrina, Tatyana A., Leading researcher, The Federal State Budgetary Institution "The Research Institute of Fire Protection of All-Russian Order "Badge of Honor" of the EMERCOM of Russia" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) (12, mcr. VNIIPO, Balashikha, Moscow region, 143903, RF), Cand. Sci., <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-2141" ext-link-type="uri">ORCID</ext-link>, shavyrina@list.ru</p><p> </p><p>Claimed contributorship</p><p> </p></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Триада «опасность – риск – безопасность» / Н. Н. Брушлинский, С. В. Соколов, Е. А. Клепко [и др.] // Проблемы анализа риска. — 2013. — Т. 10, № 4. — С. 42–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Триада «опасность – риск – безопасность» / Н. Н. Брушлинский, С. В. 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