Development of a Computational Complex for Fire Hazard Assessment of Production Facilities, Taking into Account Their Characteristics

Introduction. Every year in the Russian Federation, approximately five thousand fires occur at production facilities, causing damage estimated in billions of rubles. To reduce the number of fires and minimize damage, work is underway to improve the methodology for calculating the number and equipment of fire protection units created to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations in organizations. This methodology was approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated October 15, 2021 No. 700 (hereinafter referred to as the Methodology). In the scientific literature on the analysis of fire hazards in industrial facilities in various sectors of the economy, there is a lack of a comprehensive indicator for fire hazard assessment of enterprises, which would take into account their technical and economic characteristics and industry affiliation. The aim of this study is to develop a dimensionless computing system describing the state of fire hazard of industrial facilities, taking into account their characteristic features. The developed complex was used in the formation of approaches to substantiate the number and technical equipment of facility-based fire protection units.

Materials and Methods. The analysis of statistical data on the number of fires, number of deaths and injuries, as well as the material damage caused by fires at production facilities in various economic sectors, was carried out using information from the Federal State Information System "Federal Database 'Fires'". To determine technical, economic and operational characteristics of enterprises with facility-based fire protection units, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire that collected information from 726 production facilities. Technical and economic characteristics of these facilities were studied, including: the area of land and buildings, number of employees, the mass of fire-hazardous, fire-explosive and explosive technological environments, the area of buildings and structures classified into certain categories of explosion and fire hazard, the number of fires at the enterprise, etc.

Results. A dimensionless Uпо computing system has been developed that characterizes the fire hazard level of industrial facilities. The distribution of values of the U_по complex for production facilities where fire protection units have been established has been constructed, and the parameters of the resulting distribution have been determined. The criteria for classifying a production facility according to its fire hazard level have been established. The values of the fire hazard indicator for economic sectors have been calculated. Ferrous metallurgy (U_по = 0.77), mechanical engineering and metalworking (0.73), non-ferrous metallurgy (0.70), and fuel industry (0.68) fell into the category of high fire hazard. The paper provides an example of calculating the fire hazard level for an electric power company.

Discussion. When determining the number and location of fire protection units, as well as the number of personnel and technical equipment, it is important to consider the level of fire risk at the production facility. An analysis of the distribution of values of the U_по complex showed that it followed a normal distribution with an average value of m = 0.47 and a standard deviation of σ = 0.19. This meant that industries such as ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering had a higher level of fire risk compared to the electric power industry, which was classified as medium. The proposed method allows for an effective assessment of fire risk across different sectors of the economy.

Conclusion. The results obtained were used to develop a new version of the Methodology for calculating the number and technical equipment of fire protection units, created to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations in organizations. This methodology was approved by Order No. 700 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated October 15, 2021. The use of the developed complex will allow for a more accurate consideration of the specific characteristics of the production facility when determining fire protection resources.

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