Introduction. In the conditions of modern production, there is an increase in electrical injuries among workers. The article deals with the problem of injuries and characteristics of occurrence of electrical injuries in the workplace.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to analyze statistical data and materials for investigating industrial injuries. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristic causes of electrical injuries in the workplace among workers and the main affecting factors.
Theoretical Part. The basic information used is the statistical data on occupational injuries provided by the Federal State Statistics Service.
Conclusion. The results of the analysis indicate that the main causes of electric injuries are organizational and psychophysiological factors. In order to improve safety and prevent injuries among workers, a comprehensive approach to risk assessment is needed, which will allow for the most complete consideration of all factors and conditions that contribute to the occurrence of electrical injuries in the workplace.
Introduction. The article presents the results of the analysis of the problems associated with occupational diseases in the country caused by adverse production factors. The facts of discrepancy between the official occupational diseases statistics and the assessment of the potentially possible number of them are established. The main reason for not registration of occupational diseases is the disinterest of the employer, employee and the commission, which conducts medical examinations, and also imperfection of legislative and standard base.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to develop measures to reduce the level of morbidity caused by professional activity.
Theoretical Part. The problems associated with occupational diseases, factors that can and should solve the problem of ensuring the safety of production are considered, and measures are proposed to solve these problems.
Conclusion. The importance of the official registration of occupational diseases, their investigation and prevention is shown. Ways to solve problems both at the state level and at the enterprise level are proposed. The probabilistic assessment of harmful production factors affecting the risk of occupational diseases are determined. Key dependencies in the formation of occupational diseases at each specific enterprise are identified and the improvement of the enterprise’s labor protection management system is proposed taking into account the risk of occupational diseases.
Introduction. The article considers peculiarities of working conditions of electric welders of manual welding. The analysis of the results of the special assessment of working conditions and protocols of measurement of production factors at the workplace was carried out.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of a special assessment of working conditions and develop measures to improve working conditions.
Theoretical Part. The influence of various factors on the employees of this profession has been studied and the main occupational diseases to which electric welders are exposed have been considered. The article proposes a number of measures to improve the working conditions and safety of workers.
Conclusion. The results of the analysis indicate a high impact of harmful factors on the employee and the need to develop measures to improve working conditions.
Introduction. A deep and comprehensive analysis of the parameters of the situation with fires in the territories of the Russian Federation and its relationship with socio-economic processes is more relevant than ever for Russia. The article presents, summarizes and analyzes statistical data on the situation with fires and their consequences on the territory of the Rostov region for 2018-2019.
Problem Statement. The paper considers the problem of official statistical accounting of fires, the procedure for accounting for people killed and injured in a fire in the context of a changing regulatory framework in this area. The analysis of the situation, official and verified information on fires and their consequences will create a reliable socioeconomic characteristic of the Rostov region.
Theoretical Part. The paper deals with the peculiarities of accounting of fires and their consequences in Russia. The source materials are the official statistics of the MD of the MES of Russia for the Rostov region on the number of fires on the territory, months, the number of people injured and killed in fires and their distribution by gender, age and time of death, objects and causes of fires.
Conclusion. The analysis of fire statistics on the territory of the Rostov region for 2018-2019 is based on official data of the MD of the MES of Russia for the Rostov region, which indicates the reliability of the information provided. Statistical data were evaluated for key factors affecting fire safety: by the number of fires on the territory of the Rostov region, days of the week, months, the number of people injured and killed in the fires and their distribution by gender, age and time of death, objects and causes of fires. Research prospects are outlined.
Introduction. The article is devoted to improving the safety of operation of motor graders in urban conditions. The paper considers analytical methods for evaluating the influence of structural, geometric and kinematic characteristics of the motor grader on the safety of maneuvering in urban conditions for u-turns and turns at the intersections of the road network.
Problem Statement. In the course of the study, it is necessary to establish safe values of kinematic and geometric parameters for maneuvering of motor graders with articulated frames in urban conditions.
Theoretical Part. The numerical estimates were made based on the technical characteristics of three types of articulated frame graders. We consider possible options for moving the grader out of the street or roadway when making a "right" or "left" turn at a road intersection to avoid the situation of moving the grader out of the street or roadway. The calculation scheme for determining the parameters of the motor grader's turn is constructed. The calculation formulas for the external and internal overall turning radii of the grader and the overall traffic corridor are obtained. This allows you to determine the minimum width of the roadway for safe maneuvering of the motor grader. The value of the required safe minimum turning radius of the motor grader for a given width of the roadway is determined. All calculation formulas are obtained for the general case when the trajectories of the rear and front wheels do not coincide. It is shown that when turning the motor grader, the most dangerous is the radius of the front dimensions, determined by the extreme points of the front bulldozer blade. The radius of the rear dimensions in this case can be ignored, because it is of negligible importance. If you make a u-turn at an intersection, you can take the grader blade out of the roadway. The maximum radius is determined by the size of the blade that goes beyond the width of the grader.
Conclusion. The obtained solutions can be used to determine safe maneuvering modes for motor graders in urban conditions.
Introduction. Organization of safety hydrocarbons transportation is one of the primary objectives for companies operating hazardous production facilities. Corrosion protection of field pipelines is still the most complex and multifaceted task. That is due to significant length of communication lines, branching pipeline networks, complex and heterogeneous composition of pumped liquids.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this research is the development of method of salinity control and the prevention of premature corrosion wear of oil pipelines by the use of inhibitors.
Theoretical Part. When transporting oil and petroleum products through pipelines, there is a high probability of synergistic risks arising from corrosion of the pipeline body material, including salt deposits. Salt formation affects the throughput, performance of pipeline systems, and equipment performance. According to the result of in-line diagnostics analysis, more than 70% of pipes are subject to corrosion, with metal loss and changes in wall thickness. Corrosion also led to metal properties transformation, and degradation of its functional characteristics. Inhibitors are widely used during oil production and transportation to protect from the formation of salt deposits. With long-term operation of oil and gas pipelines it is not possible to ensure completely safe operation. Pipeline systems are constantly affected by the environment, external and internal pressure, corrosion and aging of the pipeline material.
Conclusion. The article presents a brief overview of the current state of oil pipelines, and a new method for protection from salt deposits. The composition of the salt deposition inhibitor, including citric acid, has been developed. It has been experimentally established that its use reduces the number of accidents. A brief analysis of the occurrence of accidents in the oil and gas industry is performed. The problems of safe operation of pipeline systems under the influence of non-stationary factors are determined. The necessity of creating a method for mathematical modeling of pipeline systems is confirmed.
Introduction. The paper considers aspects of practical application of the “Internet of things” technology in the transport industry. The logistics problem of transporting empty containers is solved. The technology of container transportation in an urbanized environment is presented. The influence of the proposed technology on the environmental safety of transportation in the urban environment is considered.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to solve the logistics problem of transporting empty containers using the “Internet of things” technology, and to estimate the technology influence on the environmental safety.
Theoretical Part. The technology is based on the smart container which is being developed. It can automatically fold and unfold and is controlled via a mobile app. It also allows you to remotely monitor the parameters of cargo transportation using built-in sensors. The reduction of harmful substances emissions while reducing the number of unproductive runs of transport as a result of the use of transformer containers is evaluated according to the criteria for reducing the mass consumption of harmful substances.
Conclusions. A new package product called "SmarBoxCity" is a unique and unparalleled product of the Fourth technical revolution. Its implementation makes it possible to improve the environmental safety of transport by reducing the emission of pollutants by 18.2 %.
Introduction. The article is devoted to improving the process of waste disposal in a locomotive depot as a factor for increasing its environmental and industrial safety. In particular, the issue of regeneration of wiping material contaminated with motor oils is considered. Oil waste occurs when replacing waste oils in diesel locomotives.
Problem Statement. There are four reasons for changing the oil: dilution, increased viscosity and water content, and contamination by mechanical particles. Oil is replaced by draining, the rest, which cannot be cleaned by this method, is removed manually with a rag. The oil obtained by draining is placed in a tank for subsequent combustion in a boiler depot, and the oil collected with rags is stored in separate containers for subsequent transportation to an industrial landfill. Such oiled rags have the potential for processing, the task of implementing the method of which is solved in this study.
Theoretical Part. The paper reveals the design features of a patentable device for pressing-out oiled rags, the introduction of which will provide the opportunity to increase the allocated waste oil in the form of a liquid suitable for burning in a furnace, and the possibility of recycling rags.
Conclusion. The main environmental effect of the introduction of a device for processing oiled rags is the reduction of the flow of waste oil into the environment. The decrease in the annual amount of waste oil entering the environment will be about 26.5 t/year. In addition, the use of the device will improve the safety of workers when disposing of rags due to its processing in a closed container and will reduce the content of harmful oil vapors in the air of the working area.
Introduction. Environmental pollution by solid household waste is a serious ecological problem, as it causes degradation of natural ecosystems and alienation of territories. There is about 40,000 km2 occupied by landfills in Russia, and this area is constantly increasing, as every year Russia throws out more than 300 kg of waste.
Problem Statement. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a system of separate waste collection, as well as the formation of an ecological outlook among young people and students and a thrifty attitude to the natural environment. A specific example of this approach is described in this article.
Theoretical Part. Main stages of organization of separate waste collection in school Letovo School, implemented by students, are considered as an example.
Conclusion. 5.6 tons of waste was collected and recycled during the year of operation. The project has received approval in the school environment and can be implemented with minimal costs in almost all Russian educational organizations.