Introduction. One of the main tasks of the production organization is to prevent accidents. In the oil and gas industry, a significant part of accidents occur on process pipelines. Depressurization of the process pipeline leads to negative consequences up to a complete shutdown of production and can cause human casualties. Modeling the pipeline depressurization process in accordance with accident scenarios is one of the approaches to ensuring the safety of technological pipelines.
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to model the process of pipeline depressurization in accordance with scenarios of industrial accidents under certain environmental conditions.
Theoretical Part. In most cases, the main causes of accidents are internal hazards associated with depressurization and destruction of technical devices, as well as personnel errors due to violation of the requirements of the organization and production of hazardous work. There is no unified methodology for drawing up a scenario for the development of accidents at hazardous production facilities, and the existing guidelines for determining possible scenarios are of a recommendatory nature. Various types of fire and explosive process media located inside the pipeline are considered in the preparation of scenarios. The object of experiments was a 3D model of an industrial site with a hypothetical process pipeline under such variables as building density, meteorological conditions, and air mass stagnation zones. The latter were modeled in the FlowVision software package, which visualizes three-dimensional liquid and gas flows.
Conclusion. The developed universal algorithm made it possible to create scenarios for the development of an emergency situation on a hypothetical process pipeline. The results are applicable for further modeling of emergency situations.
Introduction. Transport companies join together employees of various specialties, but one of the main ones is a specialist responsible for road safety and a specialist in technical diagnostics and control over the technical condition of vehicles. The level of competence, qualifications, and experience of these specialists determines not only the accident-free operation of the transport company, but also the provision of safe working conditions for the staff.
Problem Statement. As a result of studying the requirements for these specialists, it was established that in order to maintain the level of knowledge and professional competence, these specialists must undergo regular certification. This article is devoted to the content of the system of certification of specialists.
Theoretical Part. Currently, control over the level of professional competence of specialists can be organized both inside the enterprise, in accordance with the administrative documents of the head of the enterprise, in the Commission of Rostransnadzor, and in specially created centers for evaluating qualifications. For a person responsible for road safety, the procedure for monitoring his knowledge and skills is established, and a specialist in technical diagnostics and control over the technical condition of vehicles works on the basis of professional standards
Conclusion. Regulations on the formation of a certification system for specialists of transport enterprises are aimed at improving road safety. Currently, the procedure for determining whether a specialist's knowledge meets the required competencies of the professional standard is not regulated, so the employer evaluates the specialist's qualifications independently, taking into account regulatory requirements.
Introduction. When designing technically complex industrial facilities and transport infrastructure facilities, much attention is paid to the safety of operation and maintenance. Despite all the measures taken during the development of systems, there are cases of violation of the operating rules, as well as the maintenance of a hazardous facility of inadequate quality. Non-compliance with the requirements leads to malfunctions, accidents, and in some cases, to accidents. With the development of the Internet, it becomes possible to develop devices that allow you to control a large number of parameters of technically complex devices and transfer their parameters to a single database, for subsequent processing and decision making.
Problem Statement. The article discusses the methodology of adaptive remote monitoring and control of the operation of hazardous facilities based on a risk-based approach, which is a product of the Internet of things. This is a recommendation system for making a decision on the safety of hazardous facilities based on the assessment of risk indicators taking into account the functional and linguistic criteria of the actual technical condition.
Theoretical Part. A feature of the proposed methodology is an algorithm for developing a decision on the safety of an object in real time, which provides an integrated assessment of anthropomorphic and machine data in the cloud space of the Internet using neural networks and artificial intelligence technologies, followed.
Conclusion. The main result of using the recommendation system is the reduction in accidents during the operation of a dangerous object, due to the actual reliability of remote control, which is used in the development of decisions of a
Introduction. Taking into account the relevance of aviation incidents that occur as a result of strikes (collisions) with birds entering the flight zone of an aircraft (AV) and a posteriori analysis of these events, the article considers and tests parametric models and criteria for the implementation of accidents.
Problem Statement. Based on the well-known fuzzy parametric model "load p - carrying capacity σ", the problem of finding a possible (fuzzy) measure of damage to the aircraft and (or) the pilot in a collision with birds with varying mass and speed of the bird, as well as the area and duration of contact on impact is posed. The results of its solution are aimed at justifying the ornithological safety of flights by developing proactive actions to scare away and avoid areas of bird congestion both during takeoff and landing, and on the route of the vessel.
Theoretical Part. To describe and evaluate the following events (outcomes): 1) damage; 2) destruction; 3) fall of the aircraft, the well-known mechanical criterion of exceeding the load over the load-bearing capacity was applied. At the same time, the parameters of the load p and the carrying capacity а were described as fuzzy values, which allowed us to find the values of the probability measure (as a subjective probability) of the implementation of outcomes in conditions of even insufficient statistics. The load parameter is represented as amplitude pressure pulse during impact and the collision of birds with an aircraft as a function of calculating the variation of the mass of birds, speed of mutual rapprochement of the bird and the ship, the duration of the impact and the area of contact of the bird with the vessel: p=mv/(Δt∙ζ) (scientific results 1). Based on the data obtained on the values of cores and fuzzy intervals of load capacity, as well as data on the values of cores and fuzzy intervals of the pressure amplitude in the impact, a possible measure of each of the accident outcomes was calculated (scientific result 2).
Conclusion. When a bird strikes with a mass of at least 1 kg and at a mutual speed equal to or greater than 50 m/s, the destruction of the fuselage will occur with a probability measure of 1.0, and when the pilot is exposed to the fuselage fragments, it may hurt him and the ship may fall. With the help of the obtained scientific results, a unified and reliable insurance basis for the ornithological flight risk is achievable.
Introduction. The article considers the increasing role of highways in the economy of the modern state. A number of advantages of motor transport are listed and described: flexibility of delivery, speed and reliability of transportation, absence of unnecessary overloads of delivered materials, and economy.
Problem Statement. The authors substantiate the claims that the quality of roads significantly affects road safety, and the critical excess of the number of permissible shortcomings in their operation, deviations from standards and norms lead to the risk of losing the complex of operational qualities of road construction objects.
Theoretical Part. The paper analyzes the dynamics of road construction in our country in the past century. The features of road construction caused by the influence of a number of heterogeneous factors are determined. Examples of modern reconstruction of highways in metropolises are given, which allow determining the main requirements for a modern road and its main consumer properties.
Conclusion. Road construction will become more advanced if digital technologies are used — systems based on artificial intelligence, neural networks, etc. The technologies of the next decades, which will control the entire system "design-repair-production-control-transportation", will allow you to get high safety indicators in the field of road construction.
Introduction. In modern conditions of economic development of society, technological complexes are used to obtain thermal energy, which is then converted into other types of energy, depending on the purpose of the engineering power supply system. They mainly use various types of organic and hydrocarbon fuels as an energy source. At the same time, along with the increasing demand of mankind for energy, there is a significant increase in the formation and accumulation of production and consumption waste, among which the largest volume is accounted for solid municipal solid waste (MSW).
Problem Statement. The purpose of this study is to provide a possibility for solving the problems of increasing energy production and improving the environmental efficiency of the MSW management system by formulating a scientific hypothesis and scientific approaches based on the main provisions of the theory of dispersed systems and considering MSW as a set of dispersed systems that have a certain amount of energy, and therefore, calorific value. Based on this approach, it is necessary to improve technologies for recycling MSW in order to extract the maximum amount of various types of energy from them.
Theoretical Part. The proposed fundamentally new scientific approach, based on the energy classification of certain types of waste in MSW, as well as energy indexing of technologies for their utilization, allows us to improve the modern system for handling MSW, based on the conditions for extracting the maximum possible amount of different types of energy from waste and ensuring a minimum (within the established standards) negative impact of waste on the environment.
Conclusions. The scientific hypothesis proposed by the authors is based on the fact that MSW can be used as a fuel that has a certain, very significant energy reserve. The authors plan further scientific research related to the identification, formalization and proof of certain patterns described as assumptions, which in the future will allow generalizing the scientific approach proposed for MSW to almost all other types of waste, which for a number of reasons cannot be recycled and reused.
Introduction. Jams at crossroads lead to emissions in atmosphere of great volumes of pollutants. The problem of unloading of a transport artery can be decided partially by means of usage of an adaptive mode of switching of a light signal. The analysis of a transport situation should be executed previously by means of various means and program complexes.
Problem statement. The task of the given research is the analysis of a transport situation at crossroads of Rostov-on-Don on the basis of full-scale supervision and theoretical calculations, development of advisories on the enhancement of organisation of traffic.
Theoretical part. The main mathematical method on which basis the computer program is developed, the method of electrodynamic modelling is. The analysis of the given full-scale supervision, theoretical calculations and presentposition sensors of availability of the car is carried out.
Conclusions. Full-scale supervision and mathematical calculations showed significant degree of intensity of traffic on the given crossroads. Installation of an adaptive light signal will promote improvement of a transport situation. For realisation of an adaptive mode of switching of a light signal it is offered to use TrafiCam - the sensor of availability of the car.
