Introduction. Studies of risks dynamics of death and injury of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service personnel in the performance of official duties for a long period (from 2006 to 2021) have shown that difficulties often arise due to the heterogeneity of data, their significant fluctuations in different periods of time and the influence of random factors.

Problem Statement. In this paper, to study the risks of death and injury of personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties, time series smoothing methods (the moving average method and the exponential smoothing method) were used, which made it possible to eliminate abnormal observations and reduce the influence of random factors.

Theoretical Part. To identify trends in the risks of death and injury of personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties, the method of time series smoothing was used. The methods of moving average and exponential smoothing are considered. The distribution of the risks of injury and death of the personnel of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire Service in the performance of official duties for the period 2006-2021 is shown, the average annual levels of injury and death risks for this period are determined, the dynamics of the ratio of the number of cases of injury and death in these years is considered.

Conclusions. The number of registered cases of injuries has decreased due to the improvement of the occupational safety management system. During the period from 2006 to 2021, there was a reduction in the risk of injury to personnel by 4 times. The ratio of the number of injured and dead has significantly decreased (by more than three times) — from 31.5 to 9.4. In addition, as a result of occupational safety management system improvement, the number of injuries with severe and moderate damage has decreased due to their transition to the category of injuries with light damage.

Introduction. Vegetable production is one of the branches of plant cultivation that is distinguished by the specifics of conducting technological processes, characterized by the structural variety of cultivation facilities and special working conditions. Injuries of employees are the serious problem in the workplace now. The body of a worker is exposed to a complex of unfavorable production factors: mineral fertilizers, pesticides and products of their metabolism: heating microclimate, high humidity, significant physical exertion. If agrotechnical techniques are followed, they cannot be a source of deterioration of health. Violation of sanitary and hygienic regulations and technological schemes for growing crops increases the risk of health problems and affects the ability to work.

Problem Statement. The task for the study is to develop a simplified design to lower vegetables into storage, improve working conditions and safety of workers. Theoretical Part. Occupational safety improvement in agriculture is necessary, first of all, from the point of the preservation and purpose of the system as a mechanism for protecting the interests of workers, guaranteeing the preservation of their life, health, working capacity in the process of professional activity, as well as for the purpose of agricultural production efficiency. There is an urgent problem of safety when laying vegetables in containers. The main type of injury to workers is occurred during work for eliminating technical and technological failures. Conclusions. As a result of the research, market analysis and evaluation of the competitiveness of the development under consideration, the main distinguishing features of the proposed device from the existing ones are determined. This design can be recommended for further integration into the existing enterprise system, as well as for use in any agricultural enterprises.

Introduction. Major projects in the oil refining industry require the involvement of contractors. Cooperation with qualified and responsible contractors can be considered as a competitive advantage, allowing timely delivery of objects with the proper level of quality and safety.

Significant injury rates in contracting organizations operating at oil refining facilities attract attention. This leads to an interest in safety of working conditions in the industry. One of the approaches to solving the problem is to use the occupational health and safety management system in the interactions of the customer and the contractor.

Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanism of rating contractors from the point of view of occupational and industrial safety.

Theoretical Part. The paper uses the official statistical reports on injuries and the data on injuries of employees of contracting organizations at an oil refinery of a large Russian company. A mechanism for rating contractors in this area has been developed. It includes three sections with their own criteria and weight coefficients. The automatically generated and periodically updated rating is proposed to be placed in open access on the website of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment.

Conclusions. The use of the proposed rating will allow customers working in the field of oil refining to reasonably judge the risks generated by the industrial safety system of potential contractors.

Introduction. Currently, there are a number of different concepts for reducing occupational injuries. One of the most important mechanisms for reducing the number of potentially dangerous events and injuries at hazardous production facilities is the formation of an industrial safety culture. However, there are currently no studies devoted to the effectiveness of the use of the occupational safety and health management system.

Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to analyze the state of industrial safety culture based on occupational injury statistics.

Theoretical Part. As the basic information, statistical reports on cases of industrial injuries provided by the Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company Joint Stock Company (JSC Kola MMC), a subsidiary of PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», were used, on the basis of which an analysis of the state of industrial safety culture was carried out.

Conclusions. The results of a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of creating a favorable environment for the formation of industrial safety culture on the example of the concern PJSC «MMC «Norilsk Nickel», which includes the largest mining enterprise in the region, Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company (JSC Kola MMC), indicate the effectiveness of the measures taken.

Introduction. It is known that fires are one of the most large-scale emergencies. It is possible to systematize and formalize their causes only if you take into account the effective analysis of statistical data. The scientific problem lies in the lack of effective mathematical tools and techniques that allow the use of fire statistics as an emergency prevention tool. The solution of this problem is relevant for science and technology. Based on the identified problem, the purpose of this study is formulated, which consists in the analysis of fire statistics and its formalization in predicting emergencies.

Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to analyze the state and causes of fires, as well as to find a tool for their prediction.

Theoretical Part. The methodological tools for solving this problem are the use of multiple regression and correlation analysis methods that allow criticizing and formalizing the available fire statistics. It is established that an acceptable parameter characterizing the reliability and closeness of the connection of empirical data with their mathematical function in relation to the task is the correlation coefficient.

Conclusions. It is proved that an effective tool for predicting fires is the use of linear regression analysis methods. The practical significance of the results obtained for science and technology lies in the possibility of creating digital tools for predicting and preventing emergencies, which will significantly reduce resource costs for eliminating their consequences.

Introduction. Shipping, as one of the infrastructural transport communications, is a strategic branch of the economy of the Russian Federation. The timely delivery of goods, equipment, materials and raw materials to consumers depends on the reliability of shipping facilities operation. Therefore, ensuring safety, preventing man-made and natural destructive events are urgent and priority tasks of the owners of such facilities. Among the incidents that can cause significant direct and indirect damage, the most dangerous are fires. In this regard, in order to make management decisions on fire safety, it is necessary to know the situation with fires, to understand their social and economic consequences, to be able to identify possible causes for fires both at construction infrastructure facilities (shipyards, docks, port facilities) and on watercraft. At the same time, an important component in making such decisions is the study of the effectiveness of the fire alarm as a primary element in the general technological systems of fire automation on shipping facilities.

Problem Statement. The objective of the study is to analyze the causes of fires and the operation of fire alarm systems at shipping facilities.

Theoretical Part. Based on statistical data on fires and their consequences for 2017-2021, the social (the number of dead and injured people) and economic (direct material damage) consequences of fires at shipyards, port facilities, watercraft (ships, boats, vessels) and docks are analyzed. Estimates of the effectiveness of fire alarm systems at shipping facilities are given.

Conclusions. The efficiency of fire alarm systems at all shipping facilities is on average at the level of 90%. At the same time, for sea and river vessels, this figure is about 82%, for port facilities it is almost 100%. But despite such a high level of fire alarm systems, it is not possible to avoid social and material consequences of fires. In addition, it should be noted that most fires occur at shipping facilities that are privately owned. At shipyards, port facilities and docks, fires on private property account for 71% of the total number of fires. On private sea and river vessels, the proportion of fires reaches 90%.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of non-destructive testing of mechanical characteristics of metal structural elements of cranes. The reliability of cranes largely determines their safety. The main manifestations of operational failures of floating cranes are analyzed on the example of the UMK-2 crane. It is noted that 27% of failures occur due to the loss of metal strength of their structural elements. Determination of the causes of such failures is possible by conducting non-destructive testing of the mechanical characteristics of the failing structural elements metal. The paper provides the principle of one of the methods of non-destructive strength control based on the impact insertion of a conical indenter into the metal under study with the subsequent analysis of the intermediate parameters of this insertion. The results of measurements of the mechanical characteristics of the metal deformed during the operation of the boom strut of a floating crane are given. The current measured values of the mechanical characteristics of the metal obtained at various points of the strut are processed for compliance with the three-parameter Weibull law to obtain the minimum values of these characteristics. As a result of such processing, it is stated that the minimum values of yield strength, strength and elongation are lower than those claimed by the design documentation for the crane. This may be one of the reasons for the deformation of the structural element during operation.

Problem Statement. The application of the method of non-destructive testing of the metal of the boom strut is considered in order to assess the mechanical characteristics and establish possible causes of its deformation when analyzing the operational reliability of the crane.

Theoretical Part. When identifying possible causes of deformation or destruction of steel elements of crane structures, it is proposed to apply a method of non-destructive testing of mechanical characteristics based on the impact insertion of a conical indenter into the test surface. Further, it is proposed to process the obtained sample of values of the measured characteristic for compliance with the three-parameter Weibull law to estimate the shift parameter or the minimum value of this characteristic.

Conclusions. The minimum values of the tensile strength, yield strength and relative elongation of the metal of the deformed boom strut of the UMK-2 crane were obtained on the basis of the application of the method of non-destructive testing with subsequent approximation of statistical information by the Weibull distribution law. A conclusion was made about the reduced strength characteristics of the metal relative to those stated in the technical documentation, which could cause deformation of the crane boom element.

Introduction. For steel armor materials, it is important to reduce the thickness and, consequently, the metal consumption of the protective structure. The previously developed class of materials with the structure of a natural ferrite-martensite composite (NFMC) has characteristics that favor the inhibition of crack development under impact loads and has prospects as an armor material.

Problem Statement. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using NFMC materials for armor protection devices based on the results of ballistic resistance tests under a high-power concentrated impact (a projectile flying at a hyper-high speed).

Theoretical Part. The study of ballistic resistance was carried out on samples of steel 14G2 processed according to various modes. The samples had the shape of plates and a square grid on the surface. Simulation tests of the impact of heat-strengthened dowels from a powder-actuated tool and firing of military small arms at the testing site from an SVD sniper rifle and an AK-74 assault rifle with machine loading ammunition were carried out. The results of simulation tests showed a clear advantage of steel with the NFMC structure. The comparison of the results of firing with military small arms has showed that the ballistic resistance of steel with the NFMC structure depends on the ratio of the volume fractions of ferrite and martensite, which cause different thicknesses of the ductile and strong components of the composite. The highest resistance was observed for a sample with an NFMC structure processed according to the regime: quenching 730°C and tempering 180°C.

Conclusions. Steels treated for the NFMC structure can provide effective protection for military personnel with a lower material consumption of armor protection devices, which is due to a special method of braking destruction during a high-power local impact. Thus, the practical application of the developed class of natural composite materials seems promising for obtaining an armor plate with a thinner thickness, which helps to reduce the weight of combat vehicles, increase their mobility and reduce fuel consumption.

Introduction. The development of modern technology imposes increasingly stringent requirements on materials operating under conditions of high pressures, speeds, deformations and aggressive media. The use of powder metallurgy methods in the creation of new materials makes it possible to provide a rational combination of production technology, structural and performance characteristics. Powder steels used in mechanical engineering are of great interest among the materials obtained by powder metallurgy. The article explores the possibility of manufacturing porous bearings made of iron powder for fan motors of domestic air conditioners instead of porous bearings made of bronze graphite.

Problem Statement. To ensure long-term operation of fan motors from metal powders, it is necessary to create porous bearings without alloying additives with the required mechanical properties. This requires a series of experimental work to determine the dependences of mechanical and technological properties on the sintering temperature, compacting pressure and the porosity of samples.

Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the use of a mold with an additional draining gap, which provides high bearing density at low compacting pressure, is analyzed. The effect of compacting pressure on the strength of sliding bearings under mechanical deformations depending on the sintering temperature is also considered.

Conclusions. It was established in the work that during the sintering of sliding bearings at a temperature of 800-1100°C, a significant charge carburization occurs due to the decomposition of zinc stearate in closed pores. As a result, a ferritepearlite structure is formed, due to which the bearings are well calibrated and have high wear resistance when paired with a steel shaft. Optimum sintering modes and compacting pressures were selected, which showed high reliability and durability of the products obtained from pure iron powder.

Introduction. The durability and other performance characteristics of machine parts are largely determined by physical and chemical state of thin surface layers. The localization of hardening processes in these layers serves as a significant reserve for increasing the service life of parts while reducing the cost of manufacturing materials. One of the most progressive directions of strengthening technology is the application of protective coatings on the working surfaces of machine parts.

The article investigates the process of sintering compacts from steel PKh23N18 in boron carbide powder in containers with a fusible seal. It has been established that sintering in such containers provides high mechanical characteristics of sintered steel with good reproducibility of the sintering process.

Problem Statement. To improve corrosion resistance, as well as to improve wear resistance of friction surfaces of products and machine parts operating in aggressive environments, it is necessary to choose a rational technology of chemical-thermal treatment that allows increasing the mechanical and technological properties of products.

Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the use of various methods of stainless steel boriding is analyzed, and the dependences of changes in the mechanical and technological properties of samples on various boriding schemes and methods for obtaining samples are considered.

Conclusions. It was established in the work that the increase in strength of samples subjected to boriding sintering in an autonomous gaseous medium occurred due to the absence of oxidation and deep saturation with boron (volumetric strengthening) through the vapor-gas phase. The use of container technology makes it possible not only to simplify the technology, but also to ensure the preservation of material properties, regardless of the presence of a protective gaseous medium in the thermal shop. 

Introduction. At the present stage of technology development, special importance is given to improving the efficiency and durability of machine parts and especially parts of assemblies operating under increased loads. The problem of increasing reliability in the conditions of intensification of production, energy and resource conservation poses the task of introducing new technological processes and the use of modern materials into production. Often, the weakest element in the «material – working» environment system, which determines the operating conditions and the resource of mechanisms, is the surface of the material. Therefore, an important role in increasing its wear resistance is played by coatings that protect parts from the destructive influence of working environments.

Problem Statement. The main objective of the research is the development of technological modes for applying thermal coatings to the belt pulleys of the TORUM 750 combine harvester by Rostselmash, as well as the selection of optimal coatings to increase the durability and wear resistance of the pulley surface.

Theoretical Part. As a theoretical description, the application of various coating options is analyzed, as well as the mathematical processing of experimental data on the adhesion strength between the aluminum surface and the coating material is considered.

Conclusions. The studies carried out by the authors have shown that it is advisable to conduct thermal spraying on aluminum alloys of belt coatings on a heated substrate (preheating temperature from 210°C). In the case of spraying coatings on the rubbing surfaces of pulleys, the surfaces should be regularly cooled.